本文基于五次全国经济普查资料，系统剖析了我国房地产业的规模扩张和结构转型。分析表明，房地产业的规模不断扩张，表现在法人单位数量和就业人数持续增加，资产和收入不断增加；房地产业正在经历深刻的结构转型，发展重点已从过去的增量开发转向存量运营，具体表现为开发经营业的收缩，租赁、经纪与物业管理业的扩张，房地产开发经营业出现了开发建设规模、销售面积和金额、资产利润率先增后降的情况。并研判了房地产业的发展趋势，新房供求增速放缓甚至负增长，从房地产开发业为主转向房地产经纪、租赁和物业管理业为主，房地产企业运营模式从增量生产转向存量服务为主，房地产企业竞争与创新加剧，与风险相关的房地产企业利润平均化。最后提出了加快构建我国房地产业发展新模式，促进房地产高质量发展的政策建议。

Based on data from National Economic Censuses, this paper systematically analyzes the scale expansion and structural transformation of China's real estate industry. The analysis indicates a continuous expansion in the industry's scale, characterized by a sustained increase in the number of legal entities and employees, as well as steady growth in assets and revenue. Concurrently, the real estate industry is undergoing a profound structural transformation, where the strategic focus has shifted from incremental development to stock operation. Specifically, this is manifested in the contraction of the real estate development and operation sector, contrasted with the expansion of leasing, brokerage, and property management sectors. Within the real estate development and operation sector, indicators such as construction scale, sales area, sales value, and return on assets exhibited a trajectory of initial growth followed by a decline. Furthermore, this paper assesses future development trends, predicting a slowdown or even negative growth in the supply and demand of new housing. The industry structure is transitioning from being dominated by real estate development to being driven by brokerage, leasing, and property management. Consequently, the operational model of real estate enterprises is shifting from incremental production to stock-based services. Additionally, competition and innovation among enterprises are intensifying, and risk-adjusted profits are trending toward normalization. Finally, policy recommendations are proposed to accelerate the construction of a new development model for China's real estate industry and to promote its high-quality development.